1.6 Computing Systems
A computer system is a structured set of hardware and software components specifically designed for data processing and the performance of various operations. These systems can range from simple technological tools, such as calculators used for performing mathematical calculations to complex network of linked computers. The basic task of a computer system is to execute program and manage data to achieve objectives such as problem solving, process control and communication aid. Hardware, software, and electric power are the three basic requisites that are needed to run a computing system and can be described in the following simple terms.
- Hardware of a computer system refers to the tangible components of the system. These include the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), storage devices, and input and output devices.
- Software refers to a collection of instructions that dictate the requirements and actions that hardware must do. There exist two primary categories. System software and application software. System Software encompasses the Operating System (OS) and utility applications responsible for managing the computer's resources, such as Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions. Application software refers to software applications that are specifically developed to carry out certain functions for the user, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
- Electricity: Electricity is the power source that enables the hardware components to function. Without electricity, the hardware components cannot function, and the computing system will not operate.