1.3 System and Science
Knowledge is our understanding of various systems in the universe around and within us. Science is a systematic way to validate this understanding. Science can be divided into two main types: natural science and design science. Both natural and design sciences study systems, but they approach them differently. In natural science, scientists study existing natural systems to understand their workings. While in design science, scientists create new systems (artifacts) to solve problems or achieve specific goals. Each type of science addresses different systems and questions, and therefore follows different scientific methods.