19.5 Boolean Logic
A binary variable has only two possible states, like a switch that is either ON (closed) or OFF (open). These states are represented by 1 and 0 respectively.
To understand how inputs affect outputs, George Boole developed Boolean algebra, the foundation of digital electronics and computing. Boolean algebra uses binary values called bits, where each bit is either 0 or 1. A byte is formed using eight bits.
Boolean algebra is used in ADCs which convert analog data into digital data. It also forms the basis for designing digital systems.
There are three basic logic operations: AND, OR, and NOT.
- AND gate: Output is 1 only if all inputs are 1.
- OR gate: Output is 1 if at least one input is 1.
- NOT gate: Inverts the input (1 becomes 0, and 0 becomes 1).
These simple logic gates can be combined to perform complex operations, forming the backbone of modern digital systems, from computers to smartphones.