Solution
Dynamic Programming (DP) solves problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems and storing the results of these subproblems to avoid redundant calculations. It is particularly useful for problems with overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.
Advantages:
- Results of subproblems are stored and reused, so the same calculation is not repeated.
- The number of calculations is significantly reduced compared with naive recursion.
- It is well suited to problems such as computing Fibonacci numbers, where the same values would otherwise be recalculated many times.