11.1 Conduction
Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred through direct contact between particles in a material, without any actual movement of the material. It happens when fast-moving (hotter) particles collide with slow-moving (cooler) particles, transferring their kinetic energy. This method of heat transfer is most efficient in solids, especially in metals, as their particles are densely packed and freely moving electrons facilitate the quick transfer of energy.